China (Beijing)

(n = 128)

Germany (n = 131)

Significant difference

Joint development of solutions in R & D co-operations

76.6%

66.4%

°

Consultancy of internal developers by external experts

58.6%

43.5%

^*

Training of own personnel with a view to R & D competences

49.2%

52.7%

-

Permanent hiring of new personnel with R & D capabilities

36.7%

30.5%

-

Temporary hiring of ext. personnel with R & D capabilities

36.7%

6.9%

^***

Licensing of existing (invention) patents

35.9%

11.5%

^***

Provision of results developed in the course of past projects

26.6%

27.5%

-

Outsourcing of R & D projects

19.5%

9.9%

^*

Licensing of existing utility models

9.4%

0.0%

^***